How To Boost Your Matooke Production & Make More Cash

Banana (commonly known as matooke in Uganda) is one of the major food security crops in Uganda as the crop supplies food to people almost all the time.

Besides food, bananas in Uganda and East Africa are used to produce local brew, and these crops also supplement animal feeds.
BANANA VARIETIES IN UGANDA
We have three main groups of banana plants in Uganda and East Africa:
The East African Highland Banana: these are the most dominant in the region especially in Uganda. They include the cooking type (Matooke) and the brewing type (Mbidde) and these two types are physically similar.

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The plantains: (e.g. Gonja) these are mostly grown in the high lands of kasese in Uganda, the crop is not widely grown and is eaten roasted.
The cultivars of the East African coast: these include the edible Sukalindizi dessert banana eaten ripe, kisubi a brewing type, kayinja also a brewing type and kivuvu a cooking and brewing type.
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS YOU WILL NEED TO GROW BANANAS
You will need the appropriate climate, the right soils and your land should be well prepared.

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Agro Climate; Banana grows best at a temperature of about 27°C. The bananas and flowering are negatively affected at lower temperatures. Banana grows best when they receive 1500-2500mm rain per year which is well distributed over the year. The crop grows best where relative humidity is at least over 60%.

Soil requirements; Banana requires a deep, well drained loam soil with high humus content. Banana best grows in soil pH ranging from about 5.6-7.5. It doesn’t tolerate acidic soil. The crop needs an adequate supply of potassium, nitrogen, magnesium, calcium and phosphorus.
Land preparation: land should be slashed and prepared without burning to protect organic matter. About two ploughings are sufficient to provide a good seed bed for banana. The drainage channels or soil conservation bunds are established along the contours.
WHAT TO PLANT WHEN YOU WANT TO GROW BANANAS IN UGANDA?
You can propagate/Plant your Bananas vegetatively or by breeding. The vegetative method however is the commonest among our farmers, and you will be able to use any of these planting materials below:
Peepers; these are very young suckers appearing above the ground with scale leaves only.
Sword suckers; these are formed from buds or eyes low on corm and bear narrow elongated leaves, these are usually 30_60 cm tall with. These are the most preferred material as they are usually firm in the ground.
Maiden sucker; these are relatively old with greater than 60cm and when are used for propagation it’s advised that the leaves should be cut off to try minimize water loss.
Bits of large corms; they are obtained from corms which have bared a bunch. They are dug up; the upper parts are removed and are cut in two or more pieces each containing one or more eyes.
Water suckers; these are young with broad leaves and arise from the top parts of the corms. Always avoid planting these types of suckers as they are usually easy to dislodge from the mother plant and are usually weak.
Before planting, you should ensure that the suckers are clean, and free from pests and diseases. Your suckers should be cleaned by paring (cutting off all the roots and peeling off the outer layer of the corm). Paring should be done until all tunnels made by weevils have been removed. The pared suckers should be hot water treated to kill nematodes.
HOW BEST SHOULD YOU PLANT YOUR BANANAS IN THE SOIL?
The best time for planting your bananas will depend on your local climatic conditions.
In areas with pronounced dry season and yet irrigation is not possible, you will typically plant at the beginning of the rains.
OTHER QUICK TIPS FOR GROWING BANANAS:
On a prepared land dig up pits of size of (45x45x45) cm. leave the pits exposed for some time to enable soil pests get exposed to sunshine. Refill the pit with soil mixed with farmyard manure (10Kg). Put suckers in the middle of the pit and soil around it compacted to keep it firm. Water immediately to provide moisture to the planted sucker.
HOW TO MANAGE YOUR BANANA PLANTATION?
Desuckering; this involves uprooting of excess suckers from a banana mat, you will do this in order to suit the harvest frequency. Removing of the side shoot is done until the emergence of flowers 1-3 stems at most per mat (i.e. the bearing one, the follower and the sucker). Sucker management is important to avoid high mats and to maintain proper spacing. High or many suckers per mat could easily fall.
Mulching; this is used to conserve moisture in the soils, and to reduce rainfall runoff to avoid erosion. Mulch also improves the soil as the mulch material rots. However, mulch is known to serve as breeding place for banana weevils and other pests. Additionally, if you placed your mulch too close to the mother plant it will affect the growth of the young suckers. The means you need to work out a balanced approach to mulching your banana plantation in Uganda.
Staking; Bananas are susceptible to winds and should be staked to provide extra support to the banana stems. Banana cultivars that bear very big bunches are most susceptible to heavy winds. You normally do your banana staking using a forked pole.
Bagging; this involves majorly covering the banana bunch with a treated polythene bag to minimize sooty mold (Furry growth of fungus), insect damage and abrasion injury to the fruits.
Deflowering; once all the fingers have developed the rest of the inflorescence including the male flower bud) should be removed to reduce incidences of fungus and insect attack.
Fertilizer requirements: Bananas absorb a lot of nutrients from the soil. Therefore there is need for you to replenish the soil using external sources like the farm yard manure, crop residues, homestead and kitchen refuse. You should however avoid applying metals or polythene on your banana plants. You should never apply manure too close to the banana mat as this would encourage banana weevils to breed and will also result in the high mat condition.
HARVEST TIME FOR YOUR BANANAS
Your bananas should mature within 3-6 months. Mature bananas are hard; the flower bract is dry and breaks off easily from the fruit tip. Harvest your banana bunches with a curved knife, or a sharp panga, you will need to cut the bunch stem carefullyALSO READ: How To Earn Shs20m From An Acre Of Matooke
Soil requirements; Banana requires a deep, well drained loam soil with high humus content. Banana best grows in soil pH ranging from about 5.6-7.5. It doesn’t tolerate acidic soil. The crop needs an adequate supply of potassium, nitrogen, magnesium, calcium and phosphorus.
Land preparation: land should be slashed and prepared without burning to protect organic matter. About two ploughings are sufficient to provide a good seed bed for banana. The drainage channels or soil conservation bunds are established along the contours.
WHAT TO PLANT WHEN YOU WANT TO GROW BANANAS IN UGANDA?
You can propagate/Plant your Bananas vegetatively or by breeding. The vegetative method however is the commonest among our farmers, and you will be able to use any of these planting materials below:
Peepers; these are very young suckers appearing above the ground with scale leaves only.
Sword suckers; these are formed from buds or eyes low on corm and bear narrow elongated leaves, these are usually 30_60 cm tall with. These are the most preferred material as they are usually firm in the ground.
Maiden sucker; these are relatively old with greater than 60cm and when are used for propagation it’s advised that the leaves should be cut off to try minimize water loss.
Bits of large corms; they are obtained from corms which have bared a bunch. They are dug up; the upper parts are removed and are cut in two or more pieces each containing one or more eyes.
Water suckers; these are young with broad leaves and arise from the top parts of the corms. Always avoid planting these types of suckers as they are usually easy to dislodge from the mother plant and are usually weak.
Before planting, you should ensure that the suckers are clean, and free from pests and diseases. Your suckers should be cleaned by paring (cutting off all the roots and peeling off the outer layer of the corm). Paring should be done until all tunnels made by weevils have been removed. The pared suckers should be hot water treated to kill nematodes.
HOW BEST SHOULD YOU PLANT YOUR BANANAS IN THE SOIL?
The best time for planting your bananas will depend on your local climatic conditions.
In areas with pronounced dry season and yet irrigation is not possible, you will typically plant at the beginning of the rains.
OTHER QUICK TIPS FOR GROWING BANANAS:
On a prepared land dig up pits of size of (45x45x45) cm. leave the pits exposed for some time to enable soil pests get exposed to sunshine. Refill the pit with soil mixed with farmyard manure (10Kg). Put suckers in the middle of the pit and soil around it compacted to keep it firm. Water immediately to provide moisture to the planted sucker.
HOW TO MANAGE YOUR BANANA PLANTATION?
Desuckering; this involves uprooting of excess suckers from a banana mat, you will do this in order to suit the harvest frequency. Removing of the side shoot is done until the emergence of flowers 1-3 stems at most per mat (i.e. the bearing one, the follower and the sucker). Sucker management is important to avoid high mats and to maintain proper spacing. High or many suckers per mat could easily fall.
Mulching; this is used to conserve moisture in the soils, and to reduce rainfall runoff to avoid erosion. Mulch also improves the soil as the mulch material rots. However, mulch is known to serve as breeding place for banana weevils and other pests. Additionally, if you placed your mulch too close to the mother plant it will affect the growth of the young suckers. The means you need to work out a balanced approach to mulching your banana plantation in Uganda.
Staking; Bananas are susceptible to winds and should be staked to provide extra support to the banana stems. Banana cultivars that bear very big bunches are most susceptible to heavy winds. You normally do your banana staking using a forked pole.
Bagging; this involves majorly covering the banana bunch with a treated polythene bag to minimize sooty mold (Furry growth of fungus), insect damage and abrasion injury to the fruits.
Deflowering; once all the fingers have developed the rest of the inflorescence including the male flower bud) should be removed to reduce incidences of fungus and insect attack.
Fertilizer requirements: Bananas absorb a lot of nutrients from the soil. Therefore there is need for you to replenish the soil using external sources like the farm yard manure, crop residues, homestead and kitchen refuse. You should however avoid applying metals or polythene on your banana plants. You should never apply manure too close to the banana mat as this would encourage banana weevils to breed and will also result in the high mat condition.
HARVEST TIME FOR YOUR BANANAS
Your bananas should mature within 3-6 months. Mature bananas are hard; the flower bract is dry and breaks off easily from the fruit tip. Harvest your banana bunches with a curved knife, or a sharp panga, you will need to cut the bunch stem carefully

-Credit: Ministry of agriculture