Uganda’s financial industry risks being blacklisted by international systems for failure to put in place measures that can effectively prevent financial crimes like money laundering.
This is a requirement by the Financial Action Task Force (FATF), a global inter-governmental organisation on the initiative of the G7countries to develop policies to combat money laundering and terrorism financing.
In 2000, Uganda was put on the ‘Grey List’, a list that shows the performance of countries regarding the safety or level of risk of their financial systems. This came after the FATF declined to adopt Uganda’s Money Laundering and Terror financing risk assessment report done by the Ministry of Finance, the Financial Intelligence Authority (FIA) and some NGOs in 2018.
This was what the European Union based on to black-list Uganda’s financial sector.
This means transactions originating from Uganda or made through Uganda’s financial system and cash from or to the country, face more scrutiny by the international systems, which leads to delays in concluding the business transactions.
This delays business transactions and increases the cost of doing business. But experts say when a country is black-listed, countries or other financial jurisdictions, block some transactions if they cannot ascertain the source or destination of the money, or prove that it has nothing to do with money laundering.
To avoid being downgraded to the “Blacklist”, Uganda must submit a revised report by May 2022 showing improvements responding to the gaps that were cited in the current report. A Grey List features countries whose measures against money laundering and terrorism financing, are not satisfactory and need to upgrade.
“Asubo (Sydney) is in the best position to give you progress on the report,” said Apollo Munghinda, the Principal Communications Officer at the Ministry of Finance. Asubo, the FIA Chief Executive Officer, could not be reached as his known phone lines were off.
However, it was revealed that the responsible government authorities have been working on the measures, including training personnel, that was recommended so as to meet the requirements.
“A lot of effort has been put in place to ensure that we are off the “grey list” including Bank of Uganda training and dedicating staff to do the monitoring and supervision as required. Cabinet discussed the matter and all relevant MDAs were directed to prioritize implementation of an action plan for Uganda as agreed by the FATF,” Munghinda said.
Financial jurisdictions can also block transactions if the country is still on the blacklist (like the EU has done) or one might need to get clearance from the commercial banks which issued the credit card, for example.
As of the end of March, Iran and North Korea are the only countries on the blacklist, while the grey list has 24, including six African countries alongside Uganda. The others are Burkina Faso, Mali, Morocco, South Sudan and Zimbabwe.
The objectives of FATF are to set standards and promote effective implementation of legal, regulatory and operational measures for combating money laundering, terrorist financing and other related threats to the integrity of the international financial system.
The FATF is considered effective in using policies and laws to combat illicit financial flows, causing stricter regulations through its public non-complier list, which may see financial institutions shift resources and services away from the countries on the blacklist.
“This in turn motivates domestic economic and political actors in the listed countries to pressure their governments to introduce regulations that are compliant with the FATF,” says US-based political scientist Julia C. Morse.
The FATF mandate is to ensure that countries implement relevant international conventions, criminalise money laundering and enable authorities to confiscate the proceeds of money laundering. Others are implementing customer due diligence like identity verification, record keeping and tracking and reporting suspicious transactions, among others.
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